Drug discovery is a multi-parameter optimization challenge where in vitro toxicology assays are often employed to screen initial candidates and guide the discovery efforts towards a safer chemical space. In this iterative design-make-test cycle, medicinal chemists require feedback on the structural features causing specific toxicity signals to iteratively design out these features.
Machine learning models and docking are commonly used to aid medicinal chemists in making informed decisions. However, machine learning models often fail to guide chemistry design and pinpoint the structural features responsible for toxicology signals. Additionally, in the absence of crystal structures of similar chemical series, docking produces poses and scores that are often unreliable for guiding further design. Docking against numerous off-targets responsible for toxicity is also time-consuming.
To address these challenges, we propose a pharmacophore-based platform designed to flag and filter compounds that medicinal chemists propose to synthesize. This platform aims to create alerts for obvious pharmacophores responsible for particular off-target effects, thereby enhancing the efficiency and safety of the drug discovery process. In the initial version, we selected several off-targets based on the availability of structures, including GPCRs (preferably agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists), kinases, enzymes, and off-targets without available structures. We plan to expand and improve on this platform in the future.